بدون عنوان
رزمی رزمی؛ لطفعلی اذری
چکیده
Transportation sector creates interconnections between different economic sectors, so it is a very important infrastructural sector. Due to the services of this sector, economic resources in far away areas are utilized, production and distribution costs reduce and economic development is strengthened. Because of these reasons, investment in this sector is increasing day by day. Investment in transportation sector includes, land, rail, and marine ways and supply of transportation means. Unofficial economic activities, (UEA) form an important part of economic activities in many countries today. ...
بیشتر
Transportation sector creates interconnections between different economic sectors, so it is a very important infrastructural sector. Due to the services of this sector, economic resources in far away areas are utilized, production and distribution costs reduce and economic development is strengthened. Because of these reasons, investment in this sector is increasing day by day. Investment in transportation sector includes, land, rail, and marine ways and supply of transportation means. Unofficial economic activities, (UEA) form an important part of economic activities in many countries today. These activities have a big share in economy and have a notable impact on other economic parts, indices and activities. This article tries to recognize various types of UEA activities in transportation sector of Khorasan Razavi Province, (KRP). Estimation of size, value added and job creation of UEA Forms the other parts of the article. In the first step, the share of transportation sector in provincial economic accounts will be discussed. Evaluation of its share in family budget of province is the nest step. Then different components of transportation activities in KRP will be introduced. Estimation of size of unofficial transportation activities in KRP through the above in information would be the next step. Finally, the article will be ended by the discussion about value added and creation of unofficial transportation activities. Keywords: Transportation, Unofficial activities, volume of activities, Value
بدون عنوان
حسینی حسینی؛ taghi هومن
چکیده
The present article presents a comparative study of the international macro economy indicators of ECO member countries in the process of integration. In the age of globalization and the integration of world economy, economic development is not just a national issue; and the states have to avail themselves of existing regional and international resources and opportunities to achieve a desired level of national development. How to benefit from regional and international resources is one of the most significant questions facing all states, particularly developing countries including ECO members. Having ...
بیشتر
The present article presents a comparative study of the international macro economy indicators of ECO member countries in the process of integration. In the age of globalization and the integration of world economy, economic development is not just a national issue; and the states have to avail themselves of existing regional and international resources and opportunities to achieve a desired level of national development. How to benefit from regional and international resources is one of the most significant questions facing all states, particularly developing countries including ECO members. Having such potentialities has resulted in a growing interest in the regional economic integration during the previous decades. Nowadays, almost all countries take part in some kind of RTA in its various stages of development and many countries enjoy the membership of a handful of RTAصs, It is reported that nearly 60% of international trade flows within these arrangements. Having substantial potential, most ECO countries have also been long pushing for the establishment of regional economy and trade, These efforts imply an interest on the side of ECO countries: however, despite these efforts, no commensurate progress has been made. As the ECO itself, during five decades since its inception, has not made a significant breakthrough.
بدون عنوان
خیر خواهان خیر خواهان؛ شهاب گرجی
چکیده
In this paper, we analyze the relationship between public and private employment, and show how employment effects the performance of labor market. There are various transition mechanisms through which a change in public employment effects the whole economy and unemployment situation. Economic theory doesnصt provide a clear answer about how unemployment changes from public employment policies. Thus without a prior test, it isnصt possible to suggest which transition mechanisms in this regard work. So an unstructural approach is used for model specification and estimation in addition to comparative ...
بیشتر
In this paper, we analyze the relationship between public and private employment, and show how employment effects the performance of labor market. There are various transition mechanisms through which a change in public employment effects the whole economy and unemployment situation. Economic theory doesnصt provide a clear answer about how unemployment changes from public employment policies. Thus without a prior test, it isnصt possible to suggest which transition mechanisms in this regard work. So an unstructural approach is used for model specification and estimation in addition to comparative method for apprising labor market variables in Iran economy during last three decades. For econometrics model, various links between unemployment, real wages and public employment are studied to specify the nature of transition mechanism and determine the range of public employment crowding out of private employment. Findings of the research show in the short trun, the increase in public employment bring about a decrease in the unemployment rate. But in the long trun, it is not effective because the private imployment rate decreases at exactly the same rate that the public rate increases. Therefore, unemployment doesصnt improve from an increase in public employment created by the government.
بدون عنوان
قر بانی قر بانی؛ الهام شکری؛ marzieh مطلبی
چکیده
In this paper the long run relationship between private investment and the variables influencing it with be determined using conditional ARDL Model Pesaran& Shinصs framework for the years 1973-2004. The results of this study show that there is long run relationship between private investment, public investment, per capita income and capital inventory, real interest rate and granted credit of banks to private sector. Private investment has the most sensitivity to public investment. On the other hand, private investment in Iran has the lowest sensitivity to banks granting credit to private sector, ...
بیشتر
In this paper the long run relationship between private investment and the variables influencing it with be determined using conditional ARDL Model Pesaran& Shinصs framework for the years 1973-2004. The results of this study show that there is long run relationship between private investment, public investment, per capita income and capital inventory, real interest rate and granted credit of banks to private sector. Private investment has the most sensitivity to public investment. On the other hand, private investment in Iran has the lowest sensitivity to banks granting credit to private sector, which show inefficiency of banking system in Iran in allocation of resources and the direction it takes to inject money to public sector. So, by making restricting public sector on one hand, and increasing its efficiency on the other, and encouraging the development of Credit & Finance Institutions, the possibility and propensity to invest in private sector will be widely available.
بدون عنوان
مصطفوی مصطفوی؛ kazem یاوری
چکیده
This paper provides a critical review of the estimation of demand for money in the short and long rum. In doing so, first the main effective factors of the demand for money from the point of view of monetarists is explained. Then a short report about the existing studies on the demand for money in Iranصs economy is presented with special emphasis on their shortcomings and problems. Time-series and co-integration with quarterly data for pure post-revolutionary period are applied. The stationarity of data has been investigated via ADF test. The applied model in this study deals with GDP, inflation, ...
بیشتر
This paper provides a critical review of the estimation of demand for money in the short and long rum. In doing so, first the main effective factors of the demand for money from the point of view of monetarists is explained. Then a short report about the existing studies on the demand for money in Iranصs economy is presented with special emphasis on their shortcomings and problems. Time-series and co-integration with quarterly data for pure post-revolutionary period are applied. The stationarity of data has been investigated via ADF test. The applied model in this study deals with GDP, inflation, rates of return on foreign exchange and automobiles. Co-integration test has been applied via ADL and Johansen procedures. Findings in this study indicate that GDP and inflation affect money demand in the long-run and those factors plus the mentioned rates of return are effective factors in the short-run.
بدون عنوان
مدهوشی مدهوشی؛ ghafar تاری
چکیده
.The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of initial capital on survival of small and medium-sized manufacturing firms in Iran between 1981-2005. The Industry & Mine Ministry data base has been used for data gathering, and the data were processed using Event-history analysis. A product-limit estimator (Kaplan-Meier) Model, is used for exploratory data analysis, and the comparison of survivor functions is used for comparing exit pattern of small and medium-size firms. Also a semi-parametric Cox regression model is used for testing the hypothesis. The results support the surveyصs hypothesis ...
بیشتر
.The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of initial capital on survival of small and medium-sized manufacturing firms in Iran between 1981-2005. The Industry & Mine Ministry data base has been used for data gathering, and the data were processed using Event-history analysis. A product-limit estimator (Kaplan-Meier) Model, is used for exploratory data analysis, and the comparison of survivor functions is used for comparing exit pattern of small and medium-size firms. Also a semi-parametric Cox regression model is used for testing the hypothesis. The results support the surveyصs hypothesis and show that there is a positive relationship between initial capital and survival of small and medium manufacturing, firms. Also it was concluded that there are meaningful differences between small and medium-size firmصs survivor functions.
بدون عنوان
کاظمی کاظمی؛ yaghoob مهارتی
چکیده
The Important role of entrepreneurship in growth and development of domestic and global economies sectors emphasize the need to creat and sustain an appropriate supportine poliey for entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship. In this study a population of both distinguished and undistinguished managers from manufactuning firms of Khorasan province were studied to measure their entrepreneurship characteristics based on criteria introducred by scholars . For this purpose, a standard questionnaire was used, and collested data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods . The resalt of the study ...
بیشتر
The Important role of entrepreneurship in growth and development of domestic and global economies sectors emphasize the need to creat and sustain an appropriate supportine poliey for entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship. In this study a population of both distinguished and undistinguished managers from manufactuning firms of Khorasan province were studied to measure their entrepreneurship characteristics based on criteria introducred by scholars . For this purpose, a standard questionnaire was used, and collested data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods . The resalt of the study showed that the managers categorized as distinguished or suecessful models according to their performance in a five year period, generally had active entrepreneurship traits as suggested by litarture. However, the result of the analysis showed a meaningful difference in the performance of such managers as compared with those not recognized as successful ones.
بدون عنوان
میرزایی میرزایی؛ SHirin اربابیان
چکیده
The role of information and communication technologies (ICT) has been specified as a new industry in many parts of the world. Although ICT industry has spread to some extent in Iran, its employment generation effects is still undrestimated. In this article, Input-Output pattern has been used to examine the employment generation effects of ICT sector in comparison with the other economic sectors of the country. Some indexes such as output backward and forward linkages and direct & indirect employment coefficients are used. On the bases of direct employment coefficient the results show that ICT has ...
بیشتر
The role of information and communication technologies (ICT) has been specified as a new industry in many parts of the world. Although ICT industry has spread to some extent in Iran, its employment generation effects is still undrestimated. In this article, Input-Output pattern has been used to examine the employment generation effects of ICT sector in comparison with the other economic sectors of the country. Some indexes such as output backward and forward linkages and direct & indirect employment coefficients are used. On the bases of direct employment coefficient the results show that ICT has been ranked tenth among the other sectors. If value added in ICT sector increases one billion, 48 employment opoortunities will generate in this sector. Based on indirect employment coefficient, if marginal demand in ICT sector increases one billion, 32 new employment opprtunities will indirectly generate in ICT sector and the other economic sectors. Considering the rapid growth of ICT, we expect that as time passes, the employment generation effects of ICT will be clear even more than befor. So investment in this sector can provide suitable ways for developing employment in the whole country.
