نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 فردوسی مشهد

3 دانشگاه امام صادق (ع)

چکیده

بخش نفت در بیشتر کشورهای صادرکننده، دولتی بوده و درآمدهای نفتی متعلق به دولت است. فرضیه اصلی این پژوهش آن است که وابستگی دولت به درآمدهای نفتی، باعث بروز پدیده انفعال سیاستی در اقتصاد ایران شده است. به عبارت دیگر، اجرای سیاست های پولی بانک مرکزی و سیاست های مالی دولت در ایران، وابستگی شدیدی به درآمدهای نفتی دارد و بودجه ریزی و تغییرات پولی، به جای برخورداری از جنبه فعال و اثرگذار، ماهیتی منفعل و اثرپذیر دارند و تابع شوک های درآمدهای نفتی هستند.
در این پژوهش به منظور بررسی این فرضیه، از داده های فصلی دوره 1369:1 الی 1389:4 متغیرهای درآمدهای نفتی، مخارج دولت (به عنوان نماینده سیاست مالی)، پایه پولی (به عنوان نماینده سیاست پولی)، تولیدناخالص داخلی، نرخ ارز و شاخص تعدیل کننده تولید ناخالص داخلی(به عنوان شاخص قیمت) در چارچوب یک مدل خودتوضیحی برداری اصلاح‌ شده عاملی بیزین استفاده شده است.
نتایج توابع عکس العمل آنی و تجزیه واریانس به وضوح فرضیه وجود انفعال پولی و مالی در اقتصاد ایران را تایید می کنند. به عبارت دیگر، در میان متغیرهای مدل، بیشترین تاثیرپذیری از شوک درآمدهای نفتی به ترتیب متعلق به پایه پولی و مخارج دولت بوده است. به عقیده نویسندگان، دو راهکار اساسی برای مقابله با انفعال سیاستی در ایران، عقیم‌سازی و باثبات‌سازی درآمدهای نفتی از طریق مدیریت صحیح صندوق‌های تثبیت‌کننده و تنوع ‌بخشی به صادرات است.

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