پژوهشی
Seyed Komail Tayebi
Abstract
The objective of this research is to explore the effect of international outsourcing on economic growth in Asia-Pacific countries. Accordingly, a panel regression model based on Soderbom and Teal (2003) is estimated using data of the considered countries over the period 1995-2006. In addition to international ...
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The objective of this research is to explore the effect of international outsourcing on economic growth in Asia-Pacific countries. Accordingly, a panel regression model based on Soderbom and Teal (2003) is estimated using data of the considered countries over the period 1995-2006. In addition to international outsourcing, the model includes human capital, labor force and physical capital as the other exploring variables. Empirical results show that human capital has a significant and positive effect on economic growth of Asia- Pacific countries. Additionally, the cross effect of international outsourcing and human capital on growth has been statistically significant. Hence, investing in human resources, skill promotion and technology improvement are the main keys of trade expansion and economic growth in the countries under consideration.
پژوهشی
Enayatollah Fakhrai; Amin Mansoori
Abstract
Marginal propensity to consume (MPC) in income groups has a great importance in macroeconomic policy making. But due to some restrictions, such as lack of direct data for income and consumption groups in Iran's statistical yearbooks, estimation of MPC for income groups has not been done yet. The purpose ...
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Marginal propensity to consume (MPC) in income groups has a great importance in macroeconomic policy making. But due to some restrictions, such as lack of direct data for income and consumption groups in Iran's statistical yearbooks, estimation of MPC for income groups has not been done yet. The purpose of this study is to estimate the MPC for income groups by using the relative permanent income hypothesis (RPI), introduced in recent economic literature. Also in this research, the effects of income distribution on MPC of income groups will be analyzed. To this end, ordinary least square (OLS) method is used during 1982-2006 period. Study results confirm a significant relationship between MPC and RPI. According to estimates, MPC for low, medium and high income groups is 0/995, 0/84 and 0/7, respectively. Short run estimate of MPC shows that with increase of MPC for one income group, the MPC for another income group will decline. Among other result in this study is that in Iran economy, unfair (fair) distribution of income, will not decrease (increase) consumption enough to increase (decrease) saving to optimal level.
پژوهشی
Mohammadreza Lotfalipour; Majid Derakhshani
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to survey factors productivity in Small & Medium Scale Manufactories located in Toos industrial town. In order to achieve this purpose, production functions of different industrial groups are estimated on the base of cross-section data in 2005. Then elasticity of factors production, ...
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The aim of the paper is to survey factors productivity in Small & Medium Scale Manufactories located in Toos industrial town. In order to achieve this purpose, production functions of different industrial groups are estimated on the base of cross-section data in 2005. Then elasticity of factors production, average productivity, marginal productivity, labor intensive and capital intensive are derived from the functions. Obtained results indicate that except basic metal industries, all groups and total industry had increasing returns to scale. Moreover the maximum of labor & capital productivity belongs to the food industry & industrial equipment group respectively. Also the maximum of labor intensive belongs to food industry and the maximum of capital intensive belongs to industrial equipment group.
پژوهشی
Mahdi Safdari; Farshid Pourshahabi
Abstract
In this study, the relationship between inflation and economic growth of Iran is conciliated with a perspective on uncertainty of inflation. We use a Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model that make possible this advantage that Conditional variance of error term changes ...
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In this study, the relationship between inflation and economic growth of Iran is conciliated with a perspective on uncertainty of inflation. We use a Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model that make possible this advantage that Conditional variance of error term changes along the time, also, Vector Error Correction model (VECM) is stable. For surveying the co-integration relation between variables of model, we use Johansen Co-integration test. The source of used data is Central Bank of Iran from 1971 to 2007. The cause of this selection is that the impact of inflation on Iran economy started from 1971 with a palpable effect. For analysis of relation between variables of model, Impulse Response (IR) and Variance Decomposition (VD), that are so useful in Vector Autoregressive (VAR) models, are used. For this study the Conditional variable of inflation that is lead to uncertainty of inflation and it redound to decrease of investment of private sector of Iran economy and this had a long run negative effect on economic growth of Iran.
پژوهشی
Abbas Shkeri; Taghi Ebrahimi Salari
Abstract
This paper using endogenous growth models based on research and development, has investigated two economic relations in three groups of countries included developed countries, developing countries and a mixed group of both mentioned ones. At first, the effects of R&D activities on patent growth have ...
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This paper using endogenous growth models based on research and development, has investigated two economic relations in three groups of countries included developed countries, developing countries and a mixed group of both mentioned ones. At first, the effects of R&D activities on patent growth have examined and then the relation between volume of patent and growth rate in these groups has surveyed. One of the problems for estimating endogenous growth model based on R&D is finding a suitable representative for qualitative variables, we use gross R&D expenditures as a criterion for measurement of endogenous investment for changing the technology. Useful patent is a proxy for growth rate of patent result in investment in R&D field. In addition, growth of total factor productivity is the proxy for changing in technology and the growth rate of GDP as a criterion for economic growth has taken place. Results of this paper show that investment in R&D activities has significant and positive effect on patent flow in both developed and developing countries and also this effect is greater in developing countries than developed countries. Moreover in developing countries, effect of growth in R&D expenditure on growth of patent flow is 6 times of developed countries. The other finding is that in developing countries, effect of increasing patent on additional GDP is greater than the corresponding factors in developed countries. And finally, investment in R&D activities has significant and positive effect on growth of gross national output in both groups of countries.
پژوهشی
saeed Mortazavi; azar Kaffashpour; arezu Habibi rad; yaser Asemandoreh
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was the bank market segmentation or in other words, dividing bank market into distinct groups of customers who might require separate marketing mix. Gaining this purpose, 640 questionnaires were gathered. To investigate the reliability of questionnaires, content and face ...
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The main purpose of this study was the bank market segmentation or in other words, dividing bank market into distinct groups of customers who might require separate marketing mix. Gaining this purpose, 640 questionnaires were gathered. To investigate the reliability of questionnaires, content and face validity approaches were used. Furthermore, for the estimation of the reliability of questionnaires, Cronbach coefficient was computed at 0.92. For the analysis of data, statistical approaches including factor analysis, cluster analysis and chi-square test were applied. Principal components analysis revealed the 61 bank choice criteria being in the form of 9 factors, accounting for 65 percent of cumulative variance. Cluster analysis was then employed to divide the customers into 3 clusters due to their similarity of respondents to the main 9 factors. Moreover, chi square test showed that the clusters, associated with educational levels, marital status, family income, individual income and internet using rate, were different. As a result, rather than trying to compete in an entire market, each bank must identify the parts of the market to serve the best.
پژوهشی
Hamid Amadeh; Ali Emami Meibodi; Ali Azadinezhad
Abstract
Economic growth is the most important purpose of developing countries. Each country can improve social welfare and access to international markets by increasing production potential. Production can increase by two ways: the first one, using more inputs that raising production cost and the second one, ...
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Economic growth is the most important purpose of developing countries. Each country can improve social welfare and access to international markets by increasing production potential. Production can increase by two ways: the first one, using more inputs that raising production cost and the second one, improving efficiency that can produce more output with certain inputs or the same output with less cost. The Iranian industrial sector has big share of production, employment and investment. Therefore identification technical efficiency is essential for programming economy growth. In this paper, the Data Envelopment Analysis was used to measure the technical efficiency of Iranian provinces through 1375-1383. Then, the efficient units have been ranked with Anderson-Peterson method. Results indicate Boohsher, Kerman, Khuzestan and Hormozgan provinces have the greatest value of technical efficiencies. Then Tehran, Esfahan, Markazi and Azerbaijan Sharghi as industrial provinces were ranked after these provinces. Total average of technical efficiency in industrial sector of the Iranian provinces is 62/7 percent.
پژوهشی
Mostafa Salimifar; Jalal Dehnavi
Abstract
This study attempts to investigate the relationship between pollution and economic growth for two groups of countries according to Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis for a sample of 24 developing countries and 26 OECD countries over the period 1980 - 2005. Then, we examine this hypothesis using modern ...
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This study attempts to investigate the relationship between pollution and economic growth for two groups of countries according to Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis for a sample of 24 developing countries and 26 OECD countries over the period 1980 - 2005. Then, we examine this hypothesis using modern econometrics techniques including panel co-integration and panel unit-root. The panel data analyses do support the inverted u-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in both groups of countries. Also, the results which extracted from estimating and forecasting, confirm that in developing countries higher economic growth causes more environmental distortion. While for OECD countries, economic growth improve the quality of environment.
پژوهشی
Houshang Taghizadeh; Mohsen Pourebadollahan; Davoud Aboutalebi
Abstract
Privatization is one of the policies adopted by the governments all over the world for economic and administrative reforms. The main objectives for these reforms include the cost reduction and the productivity improvements, among others. This paper also studies the impact of privatization in the East ...
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Privatization is one of the policies adopted by the governments all over the world for economic and administrative reforms. The main objectives for these reforms include the cost reduction and the productivity improvements, among others. This paper also studies the impact of privatization in the East Azerbaijan's telecommunications company on its costs reduction. To that end, using Mann Whitney test we compare three types of costs, i.e. the operation cost, the repair cost, and the cost of labor between 12 transferred to private sector and 12 state owned telecommunications utilities in 2005. The results are in favor of transferred ones and show that the private-owned sectors are operating with less cost than the state-owned telecommunication utilities.
