نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بوعلی سینا

2 دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

چکیده

در ایران نقش بازار پول (بانک­ها) در تأمین مالی بخش­های مختلف اقتصادی به‌مراتب قوی­تر از بازار سرمایه (بورس اوراق بهادار) است. طی دو دهۀ گذشته، سیستم بانکی در سراسر دنیا تغییرات قابل ملاحظه‌ای را در محیط فعالیت خود تجربه کرده است و عوامل داخلی و خارجی متعددی بر ساختار و عملکرد آن تأثیرگذار بوده است. باوجوداین بر خلاف تمامی تغییرات مذکور، سیستم بانکی همچنان میدان­دار اصلی تأمین مالی فعالیت اقتصادی در بسیاری از کشورهاست؛ بنابراین ارزیابی عملکرد نظام بانکی حائز اهمیت است. سودآوری ازجمله عوامل تأثیر­گذار در ارزیابی عملکرد بانک­ها محسوب می­شود؛ ازاین‌رو شناخت عوامل مؤثر بر آن که مشتمل بر عوامل درونی و بیرونی است، ضروری می­نماید. در این پژوهش به بررسی اثرات ساختار بازار و رفتار ریسک­پذیری بر سودآوری نظام بانکی ایران (33 بانک) طی دورۀ 1382-1393 پرداخته شده است. یافته­ها با استفاده از رهیافت پنل­دیتا و روش GLS نشان می­دهد که افزایش تمرکز در بازار بانکی ایران و عامل ریسک به ترتیب اثرات مثبت و منفی بر سودآوری داشته است. اثر مثبت شاخص تمرکز بازار بانکی بر سودآوری، تأیید کنندۀ فرضیۀ ساختار – رفتار – عملکرد است. نتایج دیگر این­که سودآوری نظام بانکی ایران تحت تأثیر مثبت بهره‌وری کارکنان، شاخص توسعۀ بازار سرمایه و شاخص مدیریت هزینه و تأثیر منفی شاخص­های نقدینگی و تنوع عملیات بانکی بوده است.

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