نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه کردستان

2 کردستان

چکیده

انتخاب نظام ارزی از طریق اثرگذاری بر بسیاری از متغیرهای اقتصادی می‌تواند نقش بسزایی در شرایط موجود و آینده اقتصاد هر کشوری ایفا نماید. همچنین، انتخاب رژیم نرخ ارز نقش اساسی در سیاست‌های کلان اقتصادی در کشورهای درحال توسعه دارد. در این مطالعه به بررسی عوامل اقتصادی و سیاسی مؤثر بر انتخاب رژیم‌های ارزی در کشورهای در حال توسعه با درآمد بالاتر و پایین‌تر از میانگین در دوره زمانی 2014-1990 با استفاده از روش لاجیت و پروبیت پرداخته شده است. به‌طورکلی نظریه‌های رایج در انتخاب نظام ارزی نظریه انتخاب منطقه بهینه ارزی OAC، نظریه اقتصاد سیاسی و فرضیه بحران ارزی هستند که در این پژوهش بر تئوری OCA و اقتصادی سیاسی تأکید شده است. نتایج پژوهش بیانگر این است که عوامل OCA بر انتخاب رژیم‌های نرخ ارز در کشورهای در حال توسعه تأثیر‌گذار هستند. متغیرهای اندازه اقتصاد، تورم و توسعه مالی احتمال انتخاب رژیم نرخ ارز شناور را افزایش می‌دهد و متغیرهای توسعه اقتصادی، میزان باز بودن تجاری و شوک‌های پولی احتمال انتخاب آن را کاهش می‌دهند. به‌طورکلی می‌توان گفت که متغیر توسعه اقتصادی در هر دو گروه از کشورهای در حال توسعه بیشترین اثر را در انتخاب نرخ ارز ثابت دارد و تجارت خارجی در کشورهای در حال توسعه با درآمد پایین‌تر از میانگین و شوک پولی در کشورهای در حال توسعه با درآمد بالاترین از میانگین، کمترین اثر را در انتخاب نرخ ارز ثابت داشته‌اند.

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