Document Type : پژوهشی
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Abstract
In recent years, sustainable development has been accounted as one of the most important policy goals at the global level. Many empirical studies have been carried out to determine the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality. The model so-called Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) was in most of empirical studies.
The aim of this study is to estimate a Modified EKC (MEKC) in which development and sustain was used instead of economic growth and environment. In the present study, negative value of adjusted net saving was used as non-sustainability indicator and human development index was used as development indicator. The statistical population is 20 oil-exporting countries and the period of estimation is 1990-2006. The Panel Data method was used in order to estimate the model. Variables such as natural resource abundant, manufacturing and institutional qualities such as Rule of Law and Government Effectiveness were used as control variable to specify the model. The results show an inverse U-shaped relation between human development and non-sustainability of resources in this group of countries.
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