Monetary & Financial Economics

Abstract We witness a rapidly growing trend in banking data. By proper analysis of these data, a bank achieves sufficient insight for policy making and decisions at different management levels, which results in a more competitive advantage. Banks perform different data analyses and can be classified into different levels of data analysis maturity. Higher levels of data analysis maturity mean more efficient and effective use of data analysis. In this regard, one of the main challenges for the banks and achieving their business targets is how to enhance their data analytics maturity level. Therefore, having a suitable roadmap for step-by-step planning to reach a higher level of data analysis maturity and performing related activities is essential. This paper provides a comprehensive step by step process for developing a data analysis roadmap in the banking industry using T-Plan roadmap framework and in field experiments. The steps of this roadmap include initial planning, holding several workshops and meetings to identify business and market drivers, specifying current analytical needs, depicting desired analytical use cases, gap analysis, and finally, providing a roadmap for data analysis to implementation. Modeling the process of compiling the proposed road map helps the bank extract and prioritize projects and activities that are necessary for data analysis and are aligned with business goals and also increases the maturity level of data analysis.

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of working capital management on accelerating the speed of achieving optimal liquidity in the banking industry. This study is applied and from a methodological perspective, the correlation is of a causal (post-event) type. The statistical population of the study is all banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, and using the systematic exclusion sampling method, 10 banks were selected as the research sample and were examined over a 9-year period between 1394 and 1402. The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that in fact, the liquidity conversion cycle (working capital management) has a direct effect on achieving optimal liquidity in banks and increases the speed of adjusting cash holdings in the bank. Of the two subsets of working capital management (liquidity conversion cycle), namely the receivables collection period and the debt payment period, it was observed that the receivables collection period also has a direct effect on the speed of achieving optimal liquidity, but the debt payment period has no statistical effect on the speed of achieving optimal liquidity in the sample of the present study.

Abstract Today, the significant impacts of blockchain technology on several industries, including the financial sector, cannot be ignored. However, its potential to increase security, speed, and transparency in the financial reports of Iraqi banks has not yet been examined. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the impact of blockchain technology on the security, speed, and transparency of financial reports in banks listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange with data from the last six months of 2023 and the first three months of 2024. Descriptive statistical methods and inferential statistics (multivariate regression and structural equation model) were used for analysis. 384 people from among accountants, independent auditors, managers, and others in banks listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange was considered as a sample. The results of the hypothesis test showed that at the 99% confidence level, the level of familiarity with blockchain technology was a factor in increasing the security and quality of information in banks' financial reports. Thus, the level of use of blockchain technology had a positive and significant impact on the security, speed, and transparency of financial reports of Iraqi listed banks. Since the present study was examined in an emerging market such as Iraq, it can provide useful information in this field for readers in Iraq and other similar countries.

Abstract Among the most important reasons for establishing development banks are:
- Helping to rebuild the economies of countries;
- Strengthening infrastructure and strategic sectors;
- Separating commercial loans from development loans.
High risk and long-term returns are a major feature of large-scale economic projects, which means that the private sector does not have sufficient incentive to invest, and instead, development banks, which are considered government institutions, provide financing.

Using common bank performance evaluation criteria - which are mainly based on profitability - to measure the efficiency of development banks, whose objective function is different from that of commercial banks, is a strategic error.

In other words, the neglected point in the performance evaluation indicators of state banks, and especially development banks, is the lack of attention to the extent to which banks benefit the country's economy, which can lead to state banks being pushed into competition with private banks and as a result, the stalling of large-scale development projects.

On this basis, this research proposes three dimensions: "bank health", "development orientation" and "justice orientation", along with their relevant indicators for measuring the performance of development banks.

The dimensions, components and indicators are weighted using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and a composite index is calculated for 5 development banks in the country during the years 1391 to 1400.

The results show that although the performance of development banking has improved in recent years, it is still far from satisfactory.

Abstract Nowadays, with the extensive growth of information technology and e-commerce, the use of electronic banking tools in various businesses has increased significantly. At the same time, considering the current problems of the country, such as inflation, unemployment, government budget deficit, etc., banks feel the need for banking business models in order to finance themselves. In this regard, the aim of the upcoming article is to develop a business model for the TOSE'E TA'AVON Bank in line with its digital banking. For that we interviewed fifteen managers and experts familiar with the Bank and digital banking. We then analyzed the thematic interviews, to extract the dimensions of the banking business model of the TOSE'E TA'AVON Bank. For the dimensions of the business model, 216 final codes were obtained through open coding, and 34 concepts were obtained by examining the identified codes and intra-case and inter-case analysis. These concepts expressed the 6 main dimensions of the Bank's business model in line with digital transformation. Finally, some suggestions were presented to operationalize the proposed model in TOSE'E TA'AVON Bank.

Abstract ‘Blockchain banking’ combines traditional banking features with cryptocurrency ones, which can be provided by merging ‘hybrid e-wallet’ with ‘bank account’ and ‘bank card’ - altogether as ‘crypto bank account’. The ‘hybrid e-wallet’ is a form of mobile e-wallet on blockchain that supports both cryptocurrencies and traditional currencies in the same platform by which the purchase and sale of cryptocurrencies are possible. The crypto ‘bank card’ allows customers to exchange cryptocurrencies into currencies (e.g., Euro, Dollar, etc) and spend currencies in stores and online, and withdraw funds from any ATM worldwide. Therefore, the ‘sub-processes’ of ‘blockchain banking’ as a ‘business process’ were initially extracted by means of the ‘Delphi method’ applying Parsian Bank’s experts and the ‘sequence’ (i.e. the priority) of these sub-processes was determined via the ‘analytic hierarchy process’ (AHP). And eventually, Parsian Bank's maturity levels for all sub-processes and the overall maturity level for the process of ‘blockchain banking’ were specified on the basis of the ‘Capability Maturity Model Integration’ Version 1.3 (‘CMMI’ V1.3) in order for business process management (BPM).

Abstract The amount of power of the CEO for macro decisions of an organization can have a direct impact on its performance. The purpose of this research is to investigate the moderating effect of the CEO's power on the relationship between the fragility of the banking system and interest rate divergence. To collect data, the reports of the board of directors of banks and credit institutions on the website of Tehran Stock Exchange Company and their financial statements were used with the help of Steta software. The statistical population of this research includes 30 banks and credit institutions admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange on an annual basis in the period of 2017-2022. Based on the results of the first model, the fragility intensity coefficient of the banking system has a significant positive effect on the interest rate divergence. In the second model, the coefficient of fragility of the banking system on interest rate divergence decreased when the moderating variable of CEO power was added. In the third model, when the moderating variable of the CEO's power and the interaction effect of the CEO's power on the fragility of the banking system were added, the intensity of the fragility of the banking system on the interest rate divergence decreased. The research results indicate that the CEO's power reduces the effect of bank fragility on interest rate divergence.

Abstract In the current situation of the country, realizing macroeconomic policies and achieving the goals of the resistive economy, financing the needs of the real and productive sectors of the economy, especially in the field of indirect provision of funds needed for those active in industrial markets, has become more important than before. It is necessary to find solutions that can respond to the increasing demand for credit services in banks in the current inflationary conditions of the economy and help in the direct financing of the production chain. The use of alternative solutions for granting facilities, such as opening Rial letters of credit, while fulfilling the expectations of industrial customers, is not only compatible with the rules of Islamic banking, but is also attractive for banks because it helps to increase non- shared income. In this regard, conducting applied research with the aim of financial development of commercial banks and improving the marketing methods of financing tools, while helping to strengthen the country's financial system and facilitating the implementation of the general policies of the resistive economy, can also be a way forward in the prosperity of production. This research was carried out with a qualitative approach and with the grounded theory method. Then banking industry experts, experts, managers and other people familiar with the process of opening letters of credit in Sadaret Bank of Iran were selected by snowball method and after interviewing them, data analysis was done in three stages of open coding, axial coding and code Selection was done. Finally, the pattern of prioritization of industrial customers applying for internal letters of credit in Saderat Bank and other commercial banks was presented.