نوع مقاله : پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 فردوسی مشهد
2 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
چکیده
یکی از مباحث مهم در اقتصاد کلان بررسی رابطه بین نرخ بهره و نرخ ارز می باشد. تاثیرات این دو متغیر همواره مورد توجه دولت مردان و سیاست گذاران بوده است. بدین منظور به دلیل دو نرخی بودن نرخ ارز در اقتصاد ایران، در این پژوهش از دو نرخ ارز رسمی و نرخ ارز غیر رسمی استفاده شده است. همچنین در این تحقیق منظور از نرخ بهره، نرخ سود سپرده گذاری کوتاه مدت یک ساله و بلندمدت پنج ساله می باشد که از طرف بانک مرکزی جمهوری اسلامی ایران اعلام می گردد. در این مقاله تابع نرخ ارز با دو الگوریتم بهینه سازی انبوه ذرات و الگوریتم ژنتیک طی سال های 1393-1353 برآورد گردیده است. براساس معیارهای ارزیابی عملکرد، مدل های برآورد شده با الگوریتم بهینه سازی انبوه ذرات برای بررسی رابطه نرخ بهره و نرخ ارز انتخاب شدند. نتایج نشان می دهند که بین نرخ بهره کوتاه مدت و بلندمدت با نرخ ارز رسمی و غیر رسمی رابطه غیرمستقیم و معناداری وجود دارد. در حقیقت افزایش نرخ بهره باعث کاهش نرخ ارز رسمی و غیر رسمی و افزایش ارزش پول ملی می گردد. همچنین در این پژوهش تاثیر نرخ رشد حجم پول و تولید ناخالص داخلی بر نرخ ارز رسمی و غیررسمی، مثبت و مستقیم می باشد. به عبارتی با افزایش نرخ رشد حجم پول و تولید ناخالص داخلی از ارزش پول ملی کاسته می شود.
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