نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 فردوسی مشهد

2 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

یکی از موضوعات مهم مورد توجه اقتصاددانان در دهه‌های اخیر، نفت و مسائل مربوط به آن بوده است. نفت یکی از کالاهای کلیدی و استراتژیک در دنیاست و نقش اساسی در تنظیم روابط سیاسی و اقتصادی کشورها دارد. بخش نفت در بیشتر کشورهای صادرکننده، دولتی بوده و درآمدهای نفتی متعلق به دولت است. دولت به‌عنوان دریافت‌کننده درآمدهای نفتی، از طریق بودجه‌های جاری و عمرانی این درآمدها را به بخش‌های مختلف اقتصادی هدایت می‌کند. این مطالعه به بررسی آثار نامتقارن نوسانات قیمت نفت بر مخارج دولت ایران بر اساس تعاریف مورک (1989) و همیلتون (1996) می‌پردازد. برای این منظور از متغیرهای قیمت نفت، مخارج کل دولت، مخارج جاری و عمرانی دولت، مخارج سرانه کل، مخارج جاری و عمرانی سرانه و انحراف نرخ ارز واقعی طی دوره زمانی 1390- 1344 در چارچوب یک الگوی خود بازگشت برداری استفاده شده است. نتایج حاصل گویای آن است که نوسانات قیمت نفت آثار نامتقارن بر مخارج دولت دارد. طبق هر دو تعریف، افزایش قیمت نفت نسبت به کاهش قیمت نفت، اثر بیشتری بر مخارج دولت دارد؛ اما کاهش قیمت نفت اثر پایدارتری نسبت به افزایش قیمت نفت بر مخارج دولت دارد. همچنین تغییر در افزایش و کاهش قیمت نفت تأثیر بیشتری بر مخارج عمرانی نسبت به مخارج جاری را دارد، که این موضوع چسبندگی مخارج جاری را تأیید می‌کند.

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