نوع مقاله : پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 بوعلی سینا
2 دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان
چکیده
در ایران نقش بازار پول (بانکها) در تأمین مالی بخشهای مختلف اقتصادی به‌مراتب قویتر از بازار سرمایه (بورس اوراق بهادار) است. طی دو دهۀ گذشته، سیستم بانکی در سراسر دنیا تغییرات قابل ملاحظه‌ای را در محیط فعالیت خود تجربه کرده است و عوامل داخلی و خارجی متعددی بر ساختار و عملکرد آن تأثیرگذار بوده است. باوجوداین بر خلاف تمامی تغییرات مذکور، سیستم بانکی همچنان میداندار اصلی تأمین مالی فعالیت اقتصادی در بسیاری از کشورهاست؛ بنابراین ارزیابی عملکرد نظام بانکی حائز اهمیت است. سودآوری ازجمله عوامل تأثیرگذار در ارزیابی عملکرد بانکها محسوب میشود؛ ازاین‌رو شناخت عوامل مؤثر بر آن که مشتمل بر عوامل درونی و بیرونی است، ضروری مینماید. در این پژوهش به بررسی اثرات ساختار بازار و رفتار ریسکپذیری بر سودآوری نظام بانکی ایران (33 بانک) طی دورۀ 1382-1393 پرداخته شده است. یافتهها با استفاده از رهیافت پنلدیتا و روش GLS نشان میدهد که افزایش تمرکز در بازار بانکی ایران و عامل ریسک به ترتیب اثرات مثبت و منفی بر سودآوری داشته است. اثر مثبت شاخص تمرکز بازار بانکی بر سودآوری، تأیید کنندۀ فرضیۀ ساختار – رفتار – عملکرد است. نتایج دیگر اینکه سودآوری نظام بانکی ایران تحت تأثیر مثبت بهره‌وری کارکنان، شاخص توسعۀ بازار سرمایه و شاخص مدیریت هزینه و تأثیر منفی شاخصهای نقدینگی و تنوع عملیات بانکی بوده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
[1] Albulescu, C.T. (2015). Banks’ Profitability and Financial Soundness Indicators: A Macro- Level Investigation in Emerging Countries. Procedia Economics and Finance 23 ( 2015 ) 203 – 209.
[2] Angbanzo, L. (1997). Commercial bank net interest margins, default risk, interest-rate risk and off-balance sheet banking. J. Bank. Finance 21, 55–87.
[3] Ansari, E. (2012). Examination of effective factors on profitability of commercial banks (case study of Bank Saderat in Iran). M.A Dissertation, Payam e Nour University, Alborz, Iran, (In Persian).
[4] Athanasoglou, P.P., Brissimis, S.N., & Delis, M.D. (2008). Bank-specific, industry-specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability. J. Int. Financ.Mark. Inst. Money 18 (2), 121–136.
[5] Baltagi, B. (2001). Econometrics Analysis of Panel Data (3 ed), Chichester: Wiley.
[6] Ben Naceur, S. (2003). The determinants of Tunisian banking industry profitability: panel evidence. In: Paper Presented at the Economic Research Forum(ERF) 10th Annual conference, 16–18 December, Morocco
[7] Berger, A.N. (1995). The relationship between capital and earnings in banking. J. Money Credit Bank. 27 (2), 432–456.
[8] Bigdeli, M. (2009). Control role and anti-monopoly institutions in the banking industry of the country. J. Economic Researchs and Policies. 17 (51), 41-74 (In Persian).
[9] Bourke, P. (1989). Concentration and other determinants of bank profitability in Europe, North America and Australia. J. Bank. Finance 13 (1), 65–79.
[10] Căpraru, B., & Ihnatov, I. (2014). Banks’ Profitability in Selected Central and Eastern European Countries. 21st International Economic Conference 2014, IECS 2014, 16-17 May 2014, Sibiu, Romania. 587-591.
[11] Chronopoulos, D.K., Liu, H., McMillan, F.J., & Wilson, J.O.S. (2013). The dynamics of US bank profitability. Eur. J. Finance,http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2013.838184.
[12] Darabi, R & Molaie, A. (2011). Impact Variables of Liquidity, Inflation, Capital, GDP on Profitability of Mellat Bank. J. Financial Knowledge of Securities. Vol 10, (In Persian).
[13] Dehghan Dehnavi, M.A. (2011). Structure and Performance of Iran banking industry. Ph.d Dissertation, Tarbyat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).
[14] Demirguc-Kunt, A., & Huizinga, H. (1999). Determinants of commercial bank interest margins and profitability: some international evidence. World Bank Econ.Rev. 13 (2), 379–408.
[15] Demsetz, H. (1973). Industry structure, market rivalry, and public policy. J. Law Econ. 16, 1–9.
[16] Dietrich, A., & Wanzenried, G.,(2011). Determinants of bank profitability before and during the crisis: evidence from Switzerland. J. Int. Financ. Mark. Inst.Money 21 (3), 307–327.
[17] Garcia-Herrero, A., Gavila, S., & Santabarbara, D. (2009). What explains the low profitability of Chinese banks? J. Bank. Finance 33 (1), 2080–2092.
[18] Gischer, H & Juttner, D.J. (2001). Profitability and competition in banking markets: an aggregative cross country approach. Otto – von – Guerich University, Mimeo
[19] Goddard, J., Molyneux, P.M., & Wilson, J.O.S. (2004a). Dynamic of growth and profitability in banking. J. Money Credit Bank. 36 (6), 1069–1090.
[20] Goudarzi, A., & Zobeydi, H. (2008). Impact of E-Bank expansion on profitability of Iran commercial banks. J. Economic Researchs of Iran. 10 (35), 111-140 (In Persian).
[21] Heffernan, S., & Fu, X. (2010). Determinants of financial performance in Chinese banking. Appl. Financ. Econ. 20 (20), 1585–1600.
[22] Hicks, J. R. (1935). Annual survey of economic theory: The theory of monopoly. Econometrica, 3, 1–20.
[23] Ho, T. S., & Saunders, A. (1981). The determinants of bank interest margins: theory and empirical evidence . Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, XVI (4), 581-600.
[24] Horvath, R. (2009). The Determinants of the Interest Rate Margins of Czech Banks, Czech Journal of Economics and Finance, 59(2), 128-136.
[25] Hoshyari, N. (2014). Impact of Inflation on Bank Profitability by Generalized Method of Moments. M.A Dissertation, Islamic Azad University, (In Persian).
[26] Kiani, H. (2012). Impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on Profitability of Iran Selected Banks. M.A Dissertation, Tabriz University, Tabriz,
Iran, (In Persian).
[27] Klein, M., 1971. A theory of the banking firm. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 3 (2), 205–218.
[28] Khosravan, S. (2011). Analysis of Determinants of Bank System Performance in Iran at Globalization Space ( Case Specialized Banks). M.A Dissertation, Tarbyat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, (In Persian).
[29] Lee, C. C., & Hsieh, M. F. (2013a). The impact of bank capital on profitability and risk in Asian banking. Journal of InternationalMoney and Finance, 32, 251–281.
[30] Liu, H., & Wilson, J.O.S. (2010). The profitability of banks in Japan. Appl. Financ. Econ. 20 (24), 1851–1866.
[31] Lloyd-Williams, D.M., Molynex, P., & Thornton, J. (1994). Market structure and performance in Spanish banking. J. Bank. Finance 18, 433–443.
[32] Macshane, R.W., & Sharpe, I.G. (1985). A time series/cross section analysis of the determinants of Australian Trading bank loan/deposit interest margin:1962–1982. J. Bank. Finance 9, 115–136.
[33] Maudos, J., & Fernandez deGuevara, J. (2004). Factors explaining the interest margin in the banking sectors of the European Union. J. Bank. Finance 28 (9),2259–2281.
[34] Mohammed, N., Ismail, & A.G, Muhammad, J. (2015). Evidence On Market Concentration In Malaysian Dual Banking System. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 172 ( 2015 ) 169 – 176.
[35] Molyneux, P., & Thornton, J. (1992). Determinants of European bank profitability: a note. J. Bank. Finance 16 (6), 1173–1178.
[36] Sadati, N,. (2013). Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on Profitability of Commercial Banks (Case Study: Eghtesad Novin Bank). M.A Dissertation, Azad University, (In Persian).
[37] Seydnourani, S.M.R., Amiri, H., & Mohamadian, A. (2012). The Causa Profitability. Quarterly Journal Of Economic Relationship Between Bank Capital And Growth And Development Research, Vol 12, 11-44 (In Persian).
[38] Shahchera, M & Jouzdani, N. (2013). Effect of Capital Ratio on Profitability of Govermental and Private Banks in Iran(1380-1388). Monetari and Banking Researchs, Vol 12, (In Persian).
[39] Shih, V., Zhang, Q., & Liu, M. (2007). Comparing the performance of Chinese banks: a principal component approach. China Econ. Rev. 18 (1), 15–34 .
[40] Short, B. (1979). The relation between commercial bank profit rates and banking concentration in Canada, Western Europe and Japan. Journal of Banking and Finance 3 (4), 209–219.
[41] Staikouras, C.K., & Wood, G.E. (2004). The determinants of European bank profitability. Int. Bus. Econ. Res. J. 3 (6), 57–68.
[42] Sufian, F. (2009). Determinants of bank profitability in a developing economy: empirical evidence from the China banking sector. J. Asia-Pac. Bus. 10 (4),201–307.
[43] Sufian, F., & Chong, R.R. (2008). Determinants of bank profitability in a developing economy: empirical evidence from Philippines. Asian Acad. Manage. J.Account. Finance 4 (2), 91–112.
[44] Sufian, F., & Habibullah, M.S. (2009). Bank specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability: empirical evidence from the China banking sector.Front. Econ. China 4 (2), 274–291.
[45] Tan, Y. (2015). The impacts of risk and competition on bank profitability in China. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions & Money, 1-26.
[46] Tan, Y & Floros, C. (2012a). Bank profitability and inflation: the case of China. J. Chin. Econ. Stud. 39(6), 675-696.
[47] Zhang, J., Qu, B., & Wang, W. (2012). Bank risk taking, efficiency, and law enforcement:Evidence from Chinese city commercial banks. China Economic Review, 23(2), 284–295.
)
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله